CoWoS, SoIC, 2.5D/3D wafer-level packaging, Chiplet heterogeneous interconnects (UCIe), HBM3e/HBM4 high-bandwidth memory, DDR5 controllers, and high-density packaging yield.
Overcoming reticle limits: TSMC CoWoS / SoIC, Intel EMIB / Foveros, silicon interposers, through-silicon vias (TSV), micro-bumps & hybrid bonding, UCIe die-to-die standard, and advanced OSAT assembly.
Conquering LLM training & inference memory walls: HBM3e/HBM4 3D DRAM die stacks, 1024-bit+ ultra-wide channels, MR-DIMM/CXL memory expansion, and high-performance memory controllers & PHYs.