11.3
11.3 Physical AI, Humanoid Robotics & Autonomous Driving
Humanoid whole-body dynamics, multimodal VLA (RT-2/OpenVLA), Sim2Real physics transfer, end-to-end autonomous driving world models, and ISO 26262 functional safety.
Humanoid Robotics, VLA Models & Sim2Real Transfer
End-to-end Vision-Language-Action (VLA) foundation models, high-fidelity MuJoCo/Isaac Gym simulations, Sim2Real domain transfer, and bipedal dynamic locomotion/manipulation.
🏢 Companies
Figure AI、Tesla (Optimus)、Boston Dynamics、Unitree (宇树科技)、1X Technologies
🛠️ Tech Stack
Embodied AIVLA ModelsHumanoid RoboticsSim2RealIsaac GymMuJoCoFigure AITesla OptimusUnitree
💼 Roles & Salary
Robotics Engineer、Embodied AI Researcher、AI Systems Engineer
💰 $230K - $500K / year (Embodied AI & Humanoid Robotics) | ¥680K - ¥1.6M / year
📚 Prerequisites: Robot Forward/Inverse Kinematics & Multi-Body Dynamics • Continuous Action RL (PPO/SAC/Model-based RL) • Isaac Gym/MuJoCo Simulation & Domain Randomization • Vision-Language-Action (VLA) Architectures & Action Tokenization
End-to-End Autonomous Driving, World Models & Spatial AI
Multi-camera/LiDAR/Radar spatiotemporal fusion, 3D Occupancy networks, generative world models for trajectory prediction, end-to-end driving models, and ISO 26262 functional safety.
🏢 Companies
Waymo、Tesla (FSD)、地平线 (Horizon Robotics)、小鹏汽车 (XPeng)
🛠️ Tech Stack
Autonomous DrivingEnd-to-End ADWorld Models3D OccupancySensor FusionWaymoTesla FSDHorizon Robotics
💼 Roles & Salary
Autonomous Driving ML Specialist、Computer Vision Engineer、Robotics Engineer
💰 $225K - $490K / year (End-to-End Autonomous Driving & Spatial AI) | ¥650K - ¥1.55M / year
📚 Prerequisites: Multi-Sensor Spatiotemporal Calibration & Alignment • 3D Occupancy Networks & Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) Representations • End-to-End Trajectory Planning & Safety Fallback Logic • Automotive Chip (Orin/Thor) Quantization & Real-Time Constraints